Results during the learning curve in the laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for choledocolithiasis.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the results obtained in terms of efficacy and safety during the learning curve of a surgical team in the technique of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with cholecystectomy (LCBDE+LC) using choledochoscopy for the treatment of patients with cholelithiasis and choledocolithiasis or common bile duct stones (CBDS) (CDL). METHODS: Single-center prospective analysis of patients treated with LCBDE+LC during the first 4 years of implementation of the technique. A descriptive and comparative analysis was carried out between groups according to the transcystic (TCi) or transcolecocal (TCo) approach, and also evolutionary by periods. The effectiveness of the technique was evaluated using the variable success rate and safety through the analysis of the overall complication rate and the bile leak rate as the most frequent adverse effect. RESULTS: A total of 78 patients were analyzed. The most frequent approach was TCo (62%). The overall success rate was 92%. The TCi group had a shorter operating time, a lower overall complications rate and a shorter hospital stay. The TCo approach was related to a higher rate of clinically relevant bile leak (8%). Complex cases increased significantly during the learning curve without effect on the overall results. CONCLUSIONS: LCBDE+LC is an effective and safe technique during the learning curve. Its results are comparable to those published by more experienced groups and do not present significant differences related to the evolution during learning period.

Clinical Application of Liquid Biopsy in Pancreatic Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma contributes significantly to global cancer-related deaths, featuring only a 10% survival rate over five years. The quest for novel tumor markers is critical to facilitate early diagnosis and tailor treatment strategies for this disease, which is key to improving patient outcomes. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, these markers have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in early identification, continuous monitoring, and prediction of its prognosis and have led to better patient outcomes. Nowadays, biopsy specimens serve to ascertain diagnosis and determine tumor type. However, liquid biopsies present distinct advantages over conventional biopsy techniques. They offer a noninvasive, easily administered procedure, delivering insights into the tumor's status and facilitating real-time monitoring. Liquid biopsies encompass a variety of elements, such as circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, extracellular vesicles, microRNAs, circulating RNA, tumor platelets, and tumor endothelial cells. This review aims to provide an overview of the clinical applications of liquid biopsy as a technique in the management of pancreatic cancer.

Seroma control in axillary lymphadenectomy with Glubran 2® without drain. Multicenter, prospective, randomized, clinical trial. GALA-ND study (Glubran, Axillary Lymphadenectomy, Ambulatory, No Drain).

BACKGROUND: Seroma after breast cancer surgery is a frequent entity; therefore, different products have been described in literature with the aim to reduce it. The most studied ones have been the sealants products, being tested with aspirative drains. Symptomatic seroma represents the 19% after axillary lymphadenectomy without drains. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of a sealant in the seroma control after axillary lymphadenectomy without drains and identify the risk factors related to symptomatic seroma. METHODS: This is a prospective, multicenter, international, and randomized clinical trial. Patients undergoing conservative surgery and axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer will be randomized to control group (lymphadenectomy without sealant) or interventional group (lymphadenectomy with sealant Glubran 2®). In any of the study groups, drains are placed. Patients who received neoadjuvant treatment are included. Measurements of the study outcomes will take place at baseline; at 7, 14, and 30 days post-surgery; and at 6-12 months. The primary outcome is symptomatic seroma. Secondary outcomes are seroma volume, morbidity, quality of life, and lymphedema. DISCUSSION: Several studies compare the use of sealant products in axillary lymphadenectomy but generally with drains. We would like to demonstrate that patients who underwent axillary lymphadenectomy could benefit from an axillary sealant without drains and reduce axillary discomfort while maintaining a good quality of life. Assessing the relationship between axillary volume, symptoms, and related risk factors can be of great help in the control of seroma in patients who received breast cancer surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05280353. Registration date 02 August 2022.

Home care/outpatient versus hospital admission in mild acute pancreatitis: protocol of a multicentre, randomised controlled trial (PADI_2 trial).

INTRODUCTION: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the third most common gastrointestinal disease resulting in hospital admission, with over 70% of AP admissions being mild cases. In the USA, it costs 2.5 billion dollars annually. The most common standard management of mild AP (MAP) still is hospital admission. Patients with MAP usually achieve complete recovery in less than a week and the severity predictor scales are reliable. The aim of this study will be to compare three different strategies for the management of MAP. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a randomised, controlled, three-arm multicentre trial. Patients with MAP will be randomly assigned to group A (outpatient), B (home care) or C (hospital admission). The primary endpoint of the trial will be the treatment failure rate of the outpatient/home care management for patients with MAP compared with that of hospitalised patients. The secondary endpoints will be pain relapse, diet intolerance, hospital readmission, hospital length of stay, need for intensive care unit admission, organ failure, complications, costs and patient satisfaction. The general feasibility, safety and quality checks required for high-quality evidence will be adhered to. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study (version 3.0, 10/2022) has been approved by the Scientific and Research Ethics Committee of the 'Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili-IISPV' (093/2022). This study will provide evidence as to whether outpatient/home care is similar to usual management of AP. The conclusions of this study will be published in an open-access journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05360797).

Immediate Oral Refeeding in Patients With Mild and Moderate Acute Pancreatitis: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial (PADI trial).

OBJECTIVE: To establish the optimal time to start oral refeeding in mild and moderate acute pancreatitis (AP) to reduce hospital length-of-stay (LOS) and complications. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Oral diet is essential in mild and moderate AP. The greatest benefits are obtained if refeeding starts early; however, the definition of "early" remains controversial. METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, controlled trial (NCT03829085) included patients with a diagnosis of mild or moderate AP admitted consecutively to 4 hospitals from 2017 to 2019. Patients were randomized into 2 treatment groups: immediate oral refeeding (IORF) and conventional oral refeeding (CORF). The IORF group (low-fat-solid diet initiated immediately after hospital admission) was compared to CORF group (progressive oral diet was restarted when clinical and laboratory parameters had improved) in terms of LOS (primary endpoint), pain relapse, diet intolerance, complications, and, hospital costs. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty one patients were included for randomization. The mean LOS for the IORF and CORF groups was 3.4 (SD ± 1.7) and 8.8 (SD ± 7.9) days, respectively (P < 0.001). In the CORF group alone, pain relapse rate was 16%. There were fewer complications (8% vs 26%) and health costs were twice as low, with a savings of 1325.7€/patient in the IORF than CORF group. CONCLUSIONS: IORF is safe and feasible in mild and moderate AP, resulting in significantly shorter LOS and cost savings, without causing adverse effects or complications.

Resultados a largo plazo sobre la resección de la cabeza pancreática por pancreatitis crónica: ¿duodenopancreatectomía cefálica o pancreatectomía cefálica con preservación duodenal? / Long-term results of resection of the head of the pancreas due to chronic pancreatitis: Pancreaticoduodenectomy or duodenum-preserving cephalic pancreatectomy?

INTRODUCCIÓN: El dolor crónico en la pancreatitis crónica es de difícil manejo. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es la valoración del control del dolor refractario al tratamiento médico en pacientes afectos de masa inflamatoria en la cabeza pancreática, así como comparar dos técnicas quirúrgicas realizadas. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo sobre pacientes intervenidos entre 1989 y 2011 refractarios al tratamiento médico con predominio inflamatorio en la cabeza pancreática. Se realizó un estudio comparativo a corto y a largo plazo entre los pacientes intervenidos mediante duodenopancreatectomía cefálica (DPC) y/o pancreatectomía cefálica con preservación duodenal (PCPD). RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 22 DPC y 12 PCPD. En el 44% de los casos se presentaron complicaciones posquirúrgicas, siendo las más frecuentes el vaciamiento gástrico retardado (14,7%) y la fístula pancreática (11,7%). No se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas según la técnica quirúrgica. Se consiguió el control del dolor de forma satisfactoria en el 85% de los pacientes, hubo un 43% de diabetes mellitus de novo, y la reincorporación a la actividad laboral fue del 88%. Catorce pacientes fallecieron durante el seguimiento; de ellos, 7 a causa de neoplasias, algunas de ellas relacionadas con el consumo de tabaco y alcohol. La supervivencia global a 5 y 10 años fue del 88 y del 75%, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: La resección cefálica en pacientes con dolor intratable en la pancreatitis crónica es una terapéutica eficaz, con buenos resultados a largo plazo en términos de control del dolor y sin diferencias significativas entre ambas técnicas quirúrgicas. Los pacientes con pancreatitis crónica presentan una elevada mortalidad asociada a neoplasias de novo

INTRODUCTION: Chronic pain in chronic pancreatitis is difficult to manage. The objective of our study is to assess the control of pain that is refractory to medical treatment in patients with an inflammatory mass in the head of the pancreas, as well as to compare the two surgical techniques. METHODS: A retrospective study included patients treated surgically between 1989 and 2011 who had been refractory to medical treatment with inflammation of the head of the pancreas. An analysis of the short and long-term results was done to compare patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and/or resection of the head of the pancreas with duodenal preservation (RHPDP). RESULTS: 22 PD and 12 RHPDP were performed. Postoperative complications were observed in 14% of patients, the most frequent being delayed gastric emptying (14.7%) and pancreatic fistula (11.7%). No statistically significant differences were found in terms of surgical technique. Pain control was satisfactory in 85% of patients, 43% presented de novo diabetes mellitus, and 88% returned to their work activities. Fourteen patients died during follow-up, 7 due to malignancies, and some were related to tobacco use and alcohol consumption. The overall 5 and 10 year survival rates were 88% and 75% respectively. CONCLUSIÓN: Cephalic resection in patients with intractable pain in chronic pancreatitis is an effective therapy that provides good long-term results in terms of pain control, with no significant differences between the two surgical techniques. Patients with chronic pancreatitis have a high mortality rate associated with de novo malignancies

Long-term results of resection of the head of the pancreas due to chronic pancreatitis: Pancreaticoduodenectomy or duodenum-preserving cephalic pancreatectomy? / Resultados a largo plazo sobre la resección de la cabeza pancreática por pancreatitis crónica: ¿duodenopancreatectomía cefálica o pancreatectomía cefálica con preservación duodenal?

INTRODUCTION: Chronic pain in chronic pancreatitis is difficult to manage. The objective of our study is to assess the control of pain that is refractory to medical treatment in patients with an inflammatory mass in the head of the pancreas, as well as to compare the two surgical techniques. METHODS: A retrospective study included patients treated surgically between 1989 and 2011 who had been refractory to medical treatment with inflammation of the head of the pancreas. An analysis of the short and long-term results was done to compare patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and/or resection of the head of the pancreas with duodenal preservation (RHPDP). RESULTS: 22 PD and 12 RHPDP were performed. Postoperative complications were observed in 14% of patients, the most frequent being delayed gastric emptying (14.7%) and pancreatic fistula (11.7%). No statistically significant differences were found in terms of surgical technique. Pain control was satisfactory in 85% of patients, 43% presented de novo diabetes mellitus, and 88% returned to their work activities. Fourteen patients died during follow-up, 7 due to malignancies, and some were related to tobacco use and alcohol consumption. The overall 5 and 10 year survival rates were 88% and 75% respectively. CONCLUSION: Cephalic resection in patients with intractable pain in chronic pancreatitis is an effective therapy that provides good long-term results in terms of pain control, with no significant differences between the two surgical techniques. Patients with chronic pancreatitis have a high mortality rate associated with de novo malignancies.

Hepatectomía derecha y hemicolectomía derecha por necrosis hepática y perforación cólica causadas por Entamoeba histolytica / Right hepatectomy and right hemicolectomy for liver necrosis and colonic perforation caused by Entamoeba histolytica

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The influence of steatosis on the short- and long-term results of resection of liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma.

UNLABELLED: We aimed to establish whether the presence of hepatic steatosis influences outcome after resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients operated between 1990 and 2014 were divided into four groups based on the degree of hepatic steatosis. The association between hepatic steatosis and outcome was analyzed, using a multivariate and a propensity score case-match analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between patients with and without steatosis in either mortality or morbidity in the complete series or after matching (3.2% vs. 3.5%/p = 0.845) (32.3% vs 31.4%/p = 0.802). Five-year survival in patients with and without steatosis were 56.5% and 46.5% respectively (p = 0.046). The steatosis had a significant protective effect in the univariate analysis (HR (95% CI) = 0.78 (0.62-0.99) p = 0.048), and was close to significance in the multivariate analysis (HR (95%) = 0.81 (0.63-1.03) p = 0.089). No significant differences were seen with regard to liver recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of steatosis does not predict short-outcome after resection of CLM, but appears to be a favorable prognostic factor for survival. This protective effect does not depend on a decrease in liver recurrence.

Crecimiento endobiliar de las metástasis de carcinoma colorrectal / Intrabiliary growth of colorectal liver metastases

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"Effectiveness of continuous vertebral resonant oscillation using the POLD method in the treatment of lumbar disc hernia". A randomized controlled pilot study.

This study analyses the efficacy of manual oscillatory therapy, following the POLD technique, for acute Lumbar Disc Hernia (LDH) and compares it to usual treatment. A randomised, controlled, triple-blind pilot clinical trial. The sample of 30 patients was divided into two homogeneous groups to receive usual treatment (A) or treatment with the POLD technique (B). We analysed range of motion and subjective variables such as the severity (visual analogue pain scale (VAS)) and extension of the pain. With the application of POLD therapy, patients presented significant changes on range of motion (forward flexion with p < 0.05) at completion of the trial in comparison with the control group. They showed a significant reduction in the severity of pain with a mean VAS scale for lumbar, glutaeus and thigh pain, which improved from 5.09 to 0.79, 5.07 to 0.97 and 4.43 to 0.49 respectively (p < 0.05), and also when compared to usual treatment (p < 0.05) for all body regions. Moreover, we observed a reduction in pain extension (centralization phenomena) (p < 0.001) in comparison with usual treatment. In our study the POLD Method was shown to be an effective manual therapy approach for reducing the severity and irradiation of the pain in LDH patients with sciatica, and more efficient than usual treatment.

Pseudoaneurisma de la arteria cervical transversa tras esofagectomía McKeown / Transverse cervical artery pseudoaneurysm after McKeown esophagectomy

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